How do prescription medications differ from over-the-counter medications?

Prescription medications differ from over-the-counter medications primarily in that they require authorization from a healthcare provider. This is crucial because prescription medications are typically used to treat specific health conditions and have a higher potential for side effects, interactions, or misuse. The requirement for a prescription ensures that a healthcare professional evaluates a patient's medical history and current health status before approving the medication, promoting safe and effective use.

In contrast, over-the-counter medications are available to consumers without a prescription, allowing individuals to purchase them for common ailments and minor health issues. This accessibility is based on the assumption that these medications can be used safely and effectively without the direct oversight of a healthcare provider.

The effectiveness of over-the-counter medications can vary and does not inherently mean they are always less effective; many are potent and beneficial for common issues. Additionally, the cost of prescription medications can vary widely and does not consistently make them cheaper than over-the-counter options. Finally, over-the-counter medications do not require a prescription, which directly underscores the key distinction between these two types of medications.